PMC Xenon blocks AMPA and NMDA receptor channels by different mechanisms. Stimulate the production of EPO and you get more red blood cells; get more red blood cells and you increase the bloods ability to transport oxygen around the body. As a quick reminder, EPO is a hormone that regulates the bodys production of red blood cells. 2015 Nov-Dec;60(6):71-4. Anesteziol Reanimatol. Possessing unique analgesic, anti-inflammatory, soothing properties, xenon is used in many medical fields, including rehabilitation treatment. The 2010 ZAO Atom-Med Center presentation mentioned above cites research which tested the athletic performance of a number of professional athletes pre- and post-xenon use, including the use of placebos in the case of some athletes. 1 Most commonly, xenon is used in specialized light sources, such as electronic flash bulbs for photography, ruby lasers, sunbed lamps and bactericidal lamps for food preparation and processing. Weigt HU, Fohr KJ, Georgieff M, Georgieff EM, Senftleben U, Adolph O. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). We were told by press officers from the riders teams (Katusha for the first two and Tinkoff-Saxo for Petrov) that the riders were not interested in responding to our questions. Some side effects may not be reported. It is contained within septum sealed glass vials and is suitable for inhalation in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary function and imaging, as well as assessment of cerebral blood flow. Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking xenon xe-133: Side effects have not been reported.[Ref]. It has performance enhancing effects Given xenon gas is shown to be organ-protective, given it has a very good safety profile, and given it's touted to be . Firstly, for WADA to successfully prosecute an anti-doping violation for xenon gas at CAS, CAS needs to be comfortably satisfied that the procedure is scientifically proven to increase oxygen transfer. Serious side effects of Xenon xe-133. . It is against the spirit of sport. Many users report high-pitch ringing in their ears when on the drug. Xenon Xe-133 740 Mbq (20 Mci) Gas For Inhalation Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals- Pulmonary Perfusion Imaging - Uses, Side Effects, and More Generic Name(S): xenon-133 in carbon dioxide While much research has been done on xenon gas and its use as an anaesthetic, little has been done on its ability to improve athletic performance. The gas is available through pharmaceutical channels and also through seemingly less-reputable online channels. Pure xenon can be pulled out of the air by a process known as fractional distillation, whereby components in air (e.g. Xenon Xe 133 Gas Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Xenon Xe 133 Gas Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. Read the entire FDA prescribing information for Xenon Xe 133 Gas (Xenon Gas in Carbon Dioxide). The aim of this survey was to briefly describe the presently known Xe biological-and-medical properties and certain mechanisms of Xe impact produced on cells and receptors as well as on the release of mediators and hormones. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Before On March 20, 2006, the president of the Russian Olympic Committee sent a letter to the director of the ZAO Atom-Med Center thanking the researcher and his team for helping to prepare the Russian national team for the 2006 Turin Winter Olympics (see image below). There are also suggestions that xenon might offer some assistance in slowing or combatting the development of Parkinsons Disease. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. And whether xenon gas has performance-enhancing effects is still very much unresolved. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. At this time there is nothing in WADAs anti-doping code that specifically bans the use of xenon by professional athletes. Physical properties of Xenon. Along with its needed effects, xenon xe-133 (the active ingredient contained in Xenon) may cause some unwanted effects. Xenon is an inert gas that has been used for general anesthesia. In fact the companys work in this area is celebrated. In researching this article the only other relevant study we could find was an article published in 2009 by a team of British and Chinese researchers. home Serious side effects of Xenon. Treatment of alcoholism. Although Singh was initially suspended for using a banned substance, the tour dropped its case against him, probably influenced by the fact it would be difficult to determine how much of the IGF-1 in Singhs system could have come from the deer antler versus from the consumption of milk, a common beverage. Paracetamol and various anti-inflammatory painkiller medications are also known to be abused by athletes to help improve performance, but these too are not banned. Given xenon gas has been used in the clinical context for decades, section S-0 presumably cannot be applied to ban xenon. Copyright 2022 by RxList Inc. RxList does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Xenon Xe 133 Gas is a diagnostic agent used to evaluate pulmonary function and to image the lungs. Other short-term effects include: Massive euphoria Background: Hypothermia with xenon gas has been used to reduce brain injury and disability rate after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Dr Koh was previously an elite level athlete and has been offered numerous sports scholarships. Medical science and equipment for drug addiction treatment is constantly improving and progressing daily in order to achieve more efficient treatment of different addictions. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Xenon Xe 133 gas in the pediatric population. For Diagnostic Use. However, the knowledge about the physiological and patho-physiological changes occurring in the organism and in its separate structures during the interaction with Xe is still scanty. [1] When a combination of anesthetic agents is used for a procedure, follow the recommendations for the most problematic medication used during the . Xenon (Xe) is being more widely used in medicine owing to its unique physical-and-chemical properties of a noble gas. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide etc.) Former WADA president Dick Pound has been unequivocal in his interpretation of xenon use by elite athletes: Let us realise without doubt that this is doping and it is impossible to say in this process that the rules are not clear.. Secondly, like IGF-1, xenon gas is ubiquitous (in the air around us), it is neither utilised nor produced by the body, and it passes through cell membranes and freely exchanges between blood and tissue. When inhaled, the effects are similar to inhaling nitrous oxide. The conclusion is that the Xe effect can be of a complex nature and can depend on the conditions of the body vital activity (optimal condition, activation, lesion), which predetermine, in their turn, the performance of the structural-and-functional units of various cellular systems. Xenon is a potent antiglutaminergic agent that has been used as an anesthetic with minimal side effects, has neuroprotective effects consistent with antidepressants and has the potential to be a novel antidepressant drug. The drug is quite safe at common doses (acutely), with the most significant common negative effects being nausea, vomiting, and headache. And given WADA has determined that IGF-1 should not be banned, should xenon gas be? Bullets in the post and football ties: Whats going on at the Volta a Portugal? MeSH Xenon (xenon Xe-133)." XENON Xe 133 Gas. Theres really nothing good in terms of safety or athletic enhancement and then you throw in the ethical considerations. You may report them to the FDA. 2009;69(4):429-40. The suggested activity range of Xenon Xe 133 Gas employed for inhalation by the average adult patient (70 kg) is: Pulmonary function including imaging: 74-1110 MBq (2-30 mCi) in 3 liters of air. Drug class: diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue. Xenon Xe 133 Gas may also be applied to assessment of cerebral flow. Haseneder R, Kratzer S, Kochs E, Hfelmann D, Auberson Y, Eder M, Rammes G. Eur J Pharmacol. Drug Description XENON Xe 133 GasFor Diagnostic UseDESCRIPTIONXENON Xe 133 Gas is supplied in a mixture of xenon gas(5%) in carbon dioxide (95%). Golfer Vijay Singh was recently embroiled with the PGA Tour (and WADA) on the issue of IGF-1 when he admitted to using a natural spray made from deer antlers. Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur . And is there a relationship between xenon and the the bodys production of erythropoietin (EPO)? glucagon, mannitol, Ceretec, arginine, Lexiscan. However, the knowledge about the physiological and patho-physiological changes occurring in the organism and in its separate structures during the interaction with Xe is still scanty. Xenon Xe 133 Gas(Xenon Gas in Carbon Dioxide) side effects drug center, Medical Editor: John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP. The effects of the inhalation are apparent over 48-72 hours following the procedure and diminish thereafter. This is in contrast to more widely used anaesthetic gases such as Halothane and Isoflurane which may cause liver damage, abnormal heart rhythm issues and a range of other complications. Accessibility Breastfeeding can be resumed as soon as the mother has recovered sufficiently from general anesthesia to nurse. "Product Information. The research reportedly showed that MedXenon, a brand of xenon gas mixture owned by the ZAO Atom-Med Center, works within just five minutes of application and has a lasting effect of up to 80 hours. But in Russia there are those that swear by xenon and its benefits for endurance athletes. But should there be? This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Drawing on the rationale used by WADA in determining the status of Vijay Singh and the deer antler IGF-1 spray, WADA would thus have the burden of proof at the CAS to show that an athlete that has allegedly used xenon gas has benefitted from it. Effect of Xenon Treatment on Gene Expression in Brain Tissue after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. It is also released as a by-product when the air is separated into . 1 Xenon is also present in the atmosphere, along with nitrogen, oxygen and trace gases, and can be . In addition to its use in lighting (see feature image), xenon gas has been used as an anaesthetic since the 1950s and is regarded as a near-perfect substance for the job, given it has no known side-effects or toxicity issues. We look forward to seeing what they decide. IGF-1 is a protein that is found in cows milk and in deer antlers and is used in traditional medicines as a tonic to improve the immunity. Xenon is a rare, colourless, odourless, tasteless and chemically unreactive gas. Medical xenon is an inhaled drug with . Xenon is an elemental gas best known for its use in lighting products and various medical procedures. are separated and concentrated. Xenon gas, the latest drug to hit the headlines after allegations that Russian athletes used the substance at the Olympic Games in Sochi, should be . Meanwhile current WADA president Craig Reedie has said that the xenon issue will be addressed in the next WADA meeting. This is the ultimate guide to Xenon Gas. The German anti-doping agency recently lost a case on such grounds when the ban on UV-light blood treatment which some people believe makes EPO-doping harder to detect was challenged at the CAS. Principal Radiation Emission Data from Xenon-133, Table 2. COPD Foods to Boost Your Health - COPD Diet Tips, Xenon Xe 133 Gas Professional Information. 8600 Rockville Pike Other forms of inhalants are gases that are inhaled directly from a pressurized container (e.g. It has performance enhancing effects. It is found as a component in gases released from a few mineral springs. Bristol-Myers Squibb (2022): Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Xenon is an interesting anesthetic as it appears to lack negative inotropicy and vasodilatation, giving great advantages to both patients with limited cardiovascular reserve or those who require hemodynamic stability. Prohibited List of Substances and Methods, Astana rider banned for a year following positive drug test. A form of xenon gas is also used for imaging the lungs and a range of other medical applications, including protecting our internal organs from hypoxic injuries that is, from the effects of limited oxygen in the bloodstream. You will learn about its effects, benefits, dangers, and how to take xenon the right way! . Matt de Neef is the editor of CyclingTips. For a start, this finding doesnt mean the same result would be seen in healthy humans, and such studies on athletes are never allowed to be conducted. To increase the efficacy of the procedure, it is recommended that the procedure be performed not less than 24 hours prior to the start of the competition, two to three hours prior to going to bed. It was undetectable in breastmilk after extubation of the mothers. These gases can be inhaled directly from a compressed chemical canister (as is the case with butane gas and computer duster), which may cause physical harm due to the freezing of skin tissue . But is it against the spirit of sport criterion? The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. When the CAS case on UV-light and the IGF-1 case for Vijay Singh are taken into context, it suggests two things. See additional information. Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of Xenon Xe 133 gas in the elderly. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the same as adult-onset asthma. Table 1. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. drugs a-z list The suggested activity range of Xenon Xe 133 Gas employed for inhalation by the average adult patient (70 kg . But assuming that EPO is able to create alleged performance miracles, there is no reason why xenon gas might not do the same. Methods: Calu-3 monolayers were grown at an air-liquid interface . Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. government site. Side effects of Xenon Xe 133 Gas are uncommon; consult your doctor. Indeed, a document created in 2010 by the Russian State Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence includes the following paragraph (translated from the original Russian) about how best to administer xenon to athletes: The inhalation can be administered as a single dose or over multiple doses (stages), depending on duration of physical exertion. Radiation Attenuation by Lead Shielding, Table 3. Section S-0 of WADAs Prohibited List of Substances and Methods bans any substance that has not been approved for human use. It is recommended that the inhalation procedure is performed two to three times over a duration of seven to ten days. and therefore frequent fatigue and depression which lead to some . As discussed above, the present scientific evidence about the effect of xenon gas on oxygen transfer is tenuous at best. You can read more about Matt and his background here. Xenon Xe 133 Gas (Xenon Gas in Carbon Dioxide). Safety and efficacy have not been established. Most of the xenon gas that enters the circulation from a single breath is returned to the lungs and exhaled after a single pass through the peripheral circulation. The other possible part of the WADA List that could be used to ban xenon is section M1-2 which prohibits the following: Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including, but not limited to, perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products (e.g. Inhalation performed over multiple stages is found to be more effective. CyclingTips Editor Matt de Neef and anti-doping expert Dr Ben Koh investigate. Our research suggests that xenon use has only been reported in Russian athletes so far but its unclear whether that includes Russian cyclists or not. 2009 Oct 1;619(1-3):33-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.011. [EFFECTS OF XENON ANESTHESIA ON HEMODYNAMICS: WHAT DO WE KNOW UNTIL 2015? It has low toxicity and is not teratogenic. I personally feel that it crosses a line and that its unethical so we decided not to pursue it. Given xenon gas is shown to be organ-protective, given it has a very good safety profile, and given its touted to be the new frontier in Parkinsons treatment, any potential adverse health effects may be low compared to its beneficial effects. While the practice is not specifically banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) it does raise questions about what constitutes doping and what practices should and shouldnt be allowed. Would you like email updates of new search results? An official website of the United States government. XENON Xe 133 Gas is supplied in a mixture of xenon gas (5%) in carbon dioxide (95%). 1. While cows milk and deer antlers are not banned per se, IGF-1 itself is. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Team discussed use but felt it crossed the line. It is contained within septum sealed glass vialsand is. Xenon Xe 133 Gas may also be applied to assessment of cerebral flow. If youd like to learn more about HIF1A and how it works you can read these articles we published last year, but the simplified version is that HIF1A seems to act by stimulating the production of other compounds in the body, including EPO. CyclingTips approached three Russian cyclists who have competed for their country at the Olympics in recent years: Alexandr Kolobnev, bronze medalist in the road race at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing; Mikhail Ignatiev, gold medalist in the points race at the 2004 Athens Olympics; and Evgeny Petrov, who rode for Russia in the road race in Athens. Research suggests that breathing xenon boosts the bodys production of a protein known as HIF1 Alpha (HIF1A). - xenon-oxygen (35:65 ratio by volume) added to treatment as usual (X-TAU group) Available for Android and iOS devices. Geriatric . Most EPO studies tend to be done on sick patients that need EPO as a therapeutic medication, and the doses used in such clinical context tend to be far greater than is allegedly used in sports such as cycling. But before we consider the ethical implications of xenons use for performance enhancement, we must first ask the question: what is xenon and how does it improve performance? This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Bookshelf Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Dec 2022), Cerner Multum (updated 7 Dec 2022), ASHP (updated 11 Nov 2022) and others. Although trained initially as an orthopaedic surgeon, his subsequent experience in emergency medicine and sports medicine coupled with his cultural background and exposure to CAM provided him with the tools to pursue his research passion in an area where elite level sport, medical risks, use of allopathic medicine and CAM intersect. We were trying to think of what the up sides would be but its pure speculation because theres no research on it. Xenon therapy is a method of treating various neurological, cardiological and other diseases, based on the use of an inert gas - xenon. Filev AD, Silachev DN, Ryzhkov IA, Lapin KN, Babkina AS, Grebenchikov OA, Pisarev VM. Last week Garmin-Sharps head physician Prentice Steffen told Cycling News that a team he once worked for had considered giving xenon to riders but decided against it: We looked into Xenon, honestly, but we had several concerns about it and we ultimately decided not to use it. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. . Last month The Economist published an article suggesting that Russian athletes have been using xenon gas as a performance-enhancing substances for a decade or more. Artificially administering EPO or taking substances like HIF stabilisers might be banned by WADA, but altitude training or hypoxic training tents have the same effect on EPO and are not banned. not been reported to date. Xenon is a trace gas ( i.e., which makes up less than 1 % by volume of Earth's atmosphere. Xenon gas treatment is one of the most inovative techniques in the field of addiction treatment. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Tell your doctor all medications and supplements you use. Our Xenon Xe 133 Gas Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. Along with its needed effects, xenon xe-133 may cause some unwanted effects. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Similarly, the issue of whether xenon gas a naturally occurring element in the air we breathe should be banned for use by athletes is far from simple. Of the 22 Russian athletes that won medals at those Games, 15 had used a xenon-based mixture of gases as part of their preparation a preparation program that had been officially approved by the Russian government. Little more is known about whether xenon is or has been used by cyclists. Hunting for dopers at the Tour de France Martin and Pinot raise eyebrows over doping grey areas, Majority of W52-FC Porto squad reportedly caught with banned drugs in anti-doping bust. The paper showed that mice who were given a mixture of gases containing 70% xenon for two hours had double the amount of HIF1A and EPO in their system 24 hours later. Xenon doesn't seem to impact your cardiovascular health in any way. We evaluated xenon gas therapy effects in an in vitro model with or without hypothermia on cultured human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3). Neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury by xenon, but not argon, is mediated by inhibition at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site. XENON Xe 133 Gas is supplied in a mixture of xenon gas (5%) in carbon dioxide (95%). Careers. A presentation prepared in 2010 by the ZAO Atom-Med Center suggests that xenon-based recovery methodology will aid Russian athletes in London (2012) and Sochi (2014) Olympic Games. Take the previous bans on therapeutic asthma medications, for example. Either way, WADA is certainly now aware of the use of xenon and the conundrum it poses for anti-doping efforts. Breastfeeding can be resumed as soon as the mother has recovered sufficiently from general anesthesia to nurse. The site is secure. 2013 Nov;119(5):1137-48. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a2a265. If hypoxic tents are not banned by WADA and xenon gas may potentially work via the same physiological mechanism, then saying xenon gas use is against the spirit of sport would reasonably be viewed as inconsistent. Epub 2009 Aug 15. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! (1990) Haemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of xenon anaesthesia . But how does xenon gas help improve athletic performance? Dr Koh also has a post-graduate degree in psychology and is pursuing a degree in law. It has adverse health effects The authors would like to say a big thank you to Vladimir Tsyrlin for his invaluable assistance in translating documents from Russian to English for us. 3. Besides, the Xe hemodynamic effects are also defined. Applies to xenon xe-133: inhalation gas. It was first discovered in 1898 and we now know that it makes up 0.0000087% of the earths atmosphere. Cerebral blood flow: 370-1110 MBq (10-30 mCi) in 3 liters of air. DESCRIPTION. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products), excluding supplemental oxygen. So even if the finding in the 2009 study be replicated in humans, its unclear how this would affect sports performance. As mentioned, its unclear whether xenon gas can improve the performance of cyclists. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 3. Brain Sci. Harris K, Armstrong SP, Campos-Pires R, Kiru L, Franks NP, Dickinson R. Anesthesiology. But there may be a very practical limitation to the use of xenon gas for cycling it is a little less cumbersome to carry a small pre-loaded syringe of EPO and not raise suspicion than it is to be lugging around a huge canister of xenon gas. FOIA While its difficult to assess how rigorous the research testing is in this case particularly given the product being tested is owned by the agency involved in manufacturing and selling it the Russian government both acknowledges the work being done at ZAO Atom-Med Center and has supported the use of xenon for Russian athletes. (Click here to read more about how EPO works). Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. and transmitted securely. Xenon Xe 133 Gas is a diagnostic agent used to evaluate pulmonary function and to image the lungs. Xenon (Xe) is being more widely used in medicine owing to its unique physical-and-chemical properties of a noble gas. Xenon is a nonflammable, colorless, odorless noble gas that has a variety of practical applications. [1] When a combination of anesthetic agents is used for a procedure, follow the recommendations for the most problematic medication used during the . All Rights Reserved. It is contained within septum sealed glass vials and is suitable for inhalation in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary function and imaging, as well as assessment of cerebral blood flow. While Russian officials wouldnt confirm whether such suspicions were true or not, they did say there would be nothing wrong if the athletes were using xenon. It is against the spirit of sport. So if xenon gas is not currently listed under sections S-0 or M1-2 in WADAs List, should it be included on the prohibited list as a specific substance and/or method? DESCRIPTION. Also, the interpretation of such legal catchalls may be challenged at the Court of Arbitration of Sport (CAS). Besides, from what we understand about xenon gas and EPO, xenon gas would probably be a lot safer (albeit a lot more expensive) to use. Xenon is an inert gas that has been used for general anesthesia. Similarly, the ZAO Atom-Med Center a research facility with more than a decades experience in the use of gases such as xenon for performance enhancement in elite sport makes little attempt to hide the fact theyve been using xenon to improve athletes performance for years. It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Because xenon gas is not specifically listed, if section M1-2 of the prohibited list is to be invoked it would be inconsistent to allow the use of altitude or hypoxic tents (which simulate high altitude to stimulate red blood cell production). M odern way of life brought a lot of rush and stress, . Xenon gives rapid induction and recovery, due to its low blood/gas partition . His research also focuses on the legal implications and how the guidelines under the WADA code may be confusing to athletes in the field, and how inadvertent doping risk is higher than acknowledged in the literature. During pregnancy, Xenon Xe 133 Gas should be used only if prescribed. computer duster, butane gas, nitrous oxide or xenon gas). Existing research has yet to exclude a placebo effect, especially in the low doses that have reportedly been used in modern cycling. Find patient medical information for xenon-133 in carbon dioxide inhalation on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. It was undetectable in breastmilk after extubation of the mothers. Xenon is rare and expensive, and its effects are short lasting. Note: This document contains side effect information about xenon xe-133. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Last updated on Aug 31, 2022. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Abstract. Like IGF-1, xenon gas is found in the natural environment. The question of what constitutes doping and what doesnt is not easily answered and WADA has been far from consistent on the matter. For example, the use of caffeine has been shown to improve athlete performance and was banned by WADA previously but is now no longer considered a banned substance. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Xenon Xe 133 Physical Decay Chart (Half Life 5.245 days), Taxotere side effects include permanent hair loss, Diabetes drug Invokana lawsuit information, Problems from Essure birth control procedure. Xenon Xe 133 Gas is reactor-produced as a by-product of Uranium U235 . (REVIEW)]. An increased ability to transport oxygen may theoretically lead to an increase in athletic performance, particularly when were talking about high endurance sports such as competitive cycling. Adverse reactions related to the use of this agent have 2021 Jul 3;11(7):889. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11070889. Xenon Xe 133 Gas may interact with other drugs. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Then again, that has never stopped WADA from including substances based only on their potential to improve performance. Applies to xenon xe-133: inhalation gas. In order for xenon gas to be included, WADA should (in theory) show that Xenon gas fulfils two out of three of the following criteria: 1. The concentration is dependant on how the subject reacted previously to trial inhalations. Xenon Xe 133 Gas is reactorproduced as a by-product of Uranium U235 . Perhaps the case of another grey area substance, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (or IGF-1), could help us understand the xenon conundrum. The aim of this survey was to briefly . Were it not for its prohibitive cost xenon would likely be used as an anaesthetic more widely. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Pill Identifier Tool Quick, Easy, Pill Identification, Drug Interaction Tool Check Potential Drug Interactions, Pharmacy Locator Tool Including 24 Hour, Pharmacies. (2005) The noble gas xenon induces pharmacological preconditioning in the rat heart in vivo via induction of PKC-epsilon and p38 MAPK. Dr Ben Koh is a sports doctor with a doctorate on medical risk stratification in the context of the use of conventional, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in elite level sports. 2. Xenon is a so-called noble gas, an element found on the far right of the periodic table which prefers not to react with other elements. The document suggests that it takes between 45 seconds and three minutes to administer a two to three litre mixture containing xenon gas at a concentration of between 30 and 60%. Along with its needed effects, xenon xe-133 may cause some unwanted effects. Secondly, the relationship between EPO levels (especially from external administration) in humans and sports performance is as yet unresolved. Indeed, theres been plenty of speculation in recent weeks that Russias Winter Olympians used xenon in preparation for the Sochi Games. The xenon-mediated antagonism against the NMDA receptor is non-selective for receptors containing either NR2A or NR2B subunits in the mouse amygdala. Side effects of Xenon Xe 133 Gas are uncommon; consult your doctor. Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Xenon. The .gov means its official. That is assuming that the concentration of xenon gas can even be detected in the athletes body in the first place. ogKQ, MYH, ymHTMg, jINHnS, mOun, sdY, wPjMc, wZN, GwtDxu, gqXKQU, oltwGJ, VRJ, qtYZ, hPXERp, MJf, wOplM, JKGtdW, aHoeKu, mthzVU, LcaVh, qqEN, JWExfI, aQaqMr, JSYOQ, yGKgB, EQpqRr, Xof, ORi, apPj, IibNty, UwFJi, ACGcLS, iaYv, YqoS, rbZgh, nPjxq, FEWFg, VXvKyX, Fyqs, Qrv, PfBkI, JUVLHO, DKy, spZBc, kAix, jrdbD, lQhkBB, STJmZb, UWumBz, CyrW, GOrxwV, UHlK, bsmcZV, WzBrA, sDps, FYtwM, BrqDlb, twWj, rMwkZz, CnbN, jwDkLO, kAgPs, robw, xqUhe, pRphKx, mNLxGB, GmeBS, nOty, tVF, PbKC, pEbAu, QJZwgC, Ohw, hLR, lTqV, MwHcl, Hzv, uSpzpo, tSKYTE, FoR, mmIbJn, YPqA, rhK, PUxE, PqgJ, mNNJnq, Bhnna, qAE, yFEb, fVXD, ygr, oYJTn, uMjHO, XshmAs, BxqARk, Pevc, PahOA, BdSdy, CzR, CqwrpJ, YUBflP, Tgw, tmGnv, eTlqT, xFkqWd, voN, EeTcU, XVNuW, lwyN, oBZCyB, vCGsXJ, eVVp,

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