[2] In the same year, James Lind and Captain Alexander Blair described a gun which included a telescopic sight. Aerosol is defined as a suspension system of solid or liquid particles in a gas. the normal component of the vector field over the surface, the result being a scalar, usually called the flux passing through the surface. Even though remote sensing has greatly sped up the process of gathering information, and has allowed greater accuracy control over long distances, the direct survey still provides the basic control points and framework for all topographic work, whether manual or GIS-based. ( For integrals of scalar fields, the answer to this question is simple; the value of the surface integral will be the same no matter what parametrization one uses. Consider an adiabatically rising air parcel with pressure p and temperature T. By (11.12), where Ra and cp are stated as above. In ophthalmology, corneal topography is used as a technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea. A telescopic sight can have several adjustment controls. De Broglie hypothesised that all matter including electrons had a dual wave-particle nature, with the wavelength given by \( \lambda = \frac{h}{mv} \). If the air parcel is lifted a further 200 hPa above its LCL, what is its final temperature and how much liquid water is condensed during this rise? This is typically achieved by having a movable reticle at the front of an adjustable. Maximal light transmission around wavelengths of 498nm (cyan) is important for obtaining optimal scotopic vision using the eye rod cells for observation in low light conditions. focal plane of the target is either in front of or behind the reticle), when the shooter's pupil position changes (often due to small alterations in head alignment) behind the eyepiece, the target will produce a different parallax to the reticle image. ( f Wales, The Ultimate Optics Guide to Rifle Shooting, FriesenPress 2015, pages 126128, "Introduction to Optics 2nd ed. [7] Model geothermal systems and the interactions with their surroundings. y In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. On the other hand, a reticle that's easy to see at 6 may be too thick at 24 to make precision shots. However, it is apparent from Fig. Have you seen the 2021 HSC Physics exam paper yet? Some modern mounts also allow for adjustment, but it is generally intended to supplement the telescopic sight's own internal adjustments in the case of needing unusually large elevation adjustments. [36][37] Also, adjustable bases are considerably more expensive, as well. In the most applications in environmental sciences, land surface is represented and modelled using gridded models. In practice, surveyors first sample heights in an area, then use these to produce a Digital Land Surface Model in the form of a TIN. In neuroscience, the neuroimaging discipline uses techniques such as EEG topography for brain mapping. , Well-known examples of these reticles include GAP G2DMR, Horus TReMoR2 and H58/H59, Vortex EBR-2B and Kahles AMR. This is indeed how things work, but when integrating vector fields, one needs to again be careful how to choose the normal-pointing vector for each piece of the surface, so that when the pieces are put back together, the results are consistent. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air The wavelengths of sharply lower intensity indicate absorption lines. When a parcel of air whose RH is 100% (i.e., it is at the dew point) is moved upward, adiabatic cooling causes its temperature to drop, resulting in its RH exceeding 100% and water condensing. x ( Idealized representation of the monsoon circulations. [1] It is equipped with some form of a referencing pattern known as a reticle mounted in a focally appropriate position in its optical system to provide an accurate point of aim. It is equipped with some form of a referencing pattern known as a reticle mounted in a focally appropriate position in its optical system to provide an accurate point of aim. Emission of pollutants from a smokestack, a typical continuous source, under a variety of meteorological conditions. The weight per unit length must equal the upwards force per unit length in order for the rod to levitate, and hence \( \frac{mg}{L} = BI \). Telescopic sights provide some tactical disadvantages. Gun users over 30 years of age with keen eyesight will find it harder to keep the target, front sight element and rear sight element in focus well enough for aiming purposes, as human eyes gradually lose focusing flexibility with rising age, due to presbyopia. It is because of their relative warmth (maintained mainly by latent heat release and, to a lesser extent, by the absorption of solar radiation and the upward transport of sensible heat by atmospheric motions) that greenhouse gases in the troposphere emit more longwave radiation than they absorb. 30mm, the most common main tube standard today, and therefore has the widest range of mounting solutions. In practice, these issues tend to significantly reduce the available magnification range on FFP sights compared to SFP, and FFP sights are much more expensive compared to SFP models of similar quality. Maximal light transmission around wavelengths of 555nm (green) is important for obtaining optimal photopic vision using the eye cone cells for observation in well-lit conditions. So. Titan-like objects would have maintained this surface temperature for tens of Myr irrespective of their distance from a star. Such aiming technique can quickly correct for ballistic deviations without needing to manually readjust the sight's zero, thus enabling the shooter to place rapid, reliably calibrated follow-up shots. The temperature of the air at this point is about 0.7 C. Mil-based reticles, being decimal in graduations, are by far more prevalent due to the ease and reliability of ranging calculations with the ubiquitous metric units, as each milliradian at each meter of distance simply corresponds to a subtension of 1millimeter; while MOA-based reticles are more popular in civilian usage favoring imperial units (e.g. \( h = \frac{\lambda L}{d} = \frac{400 \times 10^{-9} \times 3.0}{5.0 \times 10^{-5}} = 0.024 \text{ m} = 2.4 \text{ cm} \). Given the low pressures of the Martian atmosphere and the remoteness from critical points, we need not be concerned with any complications regarding the adiabatic lapse rate. ) On the basis of the data given in Fig. When one of these friction models is selected, the surface roughness data can be selected from a predefined list. Identifying (naming) features, and recognizing typical landform patterns are also part of the field. Optimize the layout of pipe networks to maximize efficiency.2. They get around impermissible impact shifts by laboriously hand-adjusting every military grade telescopic sight. The mounting generally positions the telescopic sight axis without cant over the receiver and bore center axis, to make sighting in and the use of ballistic tracking at various ranges for the user as easy as possible. A dovetail rail on a rifle receiver for mounting sights with a drilling on top for an additional shape connection. As it rises, the air parcel enters air that is increasingly cooler and denser than itself and consequently it is pushed up further by buoyancy. In this case, rather than adjusting the telescopic sight to the extremes of its elevation adjustment, the telescopic sight mount can be adjusted. The American high-end telescopic sight manufacturer U.S. WebA link extends between a distal member and a proximal member of a wearable device, such as an exoskeleton, orthosis or prosthesis for a human lower limb. Heating due to the absorption of ultraviolet solar radiation by ozone is balanced by the emission of longwave radiation by greenhouse gases (mainly CO2, H2O, and O3) so that the net heating rate (Fig. WebIn mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or as here simply a vector) is a geometric object that has both a magnitude (or length) and direction.A vector is what is needed to "carry" the point A to the point B; the Latin word vector means "one who carries". The effects of moving in a circle tend to make an object feel like it is "flying" outward, and the idea of an inward-directed force causing such an experience can at first seem puzzling. The pixels of the dataset are each assigned an elevation value, and a header portion of the dataset defines the area of coverage, the units each pixel covers, and the units of elevation (and the zero-point). 10.3. Figure 4.9. Mechanical Analysis of Pipes. The latter is concerned with underlying structures and processes to the surface, rather than with identifiable surface features. The famous Finnish sniper Simo Hyh preferred to use iron sights rather than telescopic sights to present less of a target. In this case, buoyant forces amplify any initial upward or downward movement of the air parcel, thus creating an unstable atmosphere. Satellite RADAR mapping is one of the major techniques of generating Digital Elevation Models (see below). Short solid arrows indicate the sense of the cross-isobar flow. b) According to special relativity, the spaceship will experience mass dilation as its speed increases, \( m_v = \frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} \). This is because the acceleration of a charged particle in an electric field is given by \( a = \frac{qE}{m} \). It is only air parcels that have resided for some time within the boundary layer, absorbing sensible and latent heat from the underlying surface, that are potentially capable of rising through this stably stratified layer. Since the field is perpendicular to the current, \( \sin \theta = 1 \) and the force per unit length will be \( \frac{F}{L} = BI \). Like "Back to the Future's" flux capacitor, the term was invented to help describe something imaginary, albeit based on some real observations. Variable-power telescopic sights with SFP reticles can have slight point-of-impact shifts through their magnification range, caused by the positioning of the reticle in the mechanical zoom mechanism in the rear part of the telescopic sight. A topographic study may be made for a variety of reasons: military planning and geological exploration have been primary motivators to start survey programs, but detailed information about terrain and surface features is essential for the planning and construction of any major civil engineering, public works, or reclamation projects. Once the source of new dust is cut off, the dust eventually settles out of the atmosphere. ) Based on this description, you can model the flow rate, pressure, temperature, and concentration in the pipes. Friction losses in pipe junctions are characterized by many variables, and the geometries may differ by angles, cross sections, and the number of branches. Reticle patterns can be as simple as a round dot, small cross, diamond, chevron and/or circle in the center (in some prism sights and reflex/holographic sights), or a pointed vertical bar in a "T"-like pattern (such as the famous "German #1" reticle used on the Wehrmacht ZF41 sights during the Second World War, or the SVD-pattern reticle used on the Soviet PSO-1 sights during the Cold War) that essentially imitates the front post on iron sights. At the screen, the places where the waves arrive in phase appear bright due to constructive interference, while places where waves arrive out of phase appear dark due to destructive interference. For example, in most hunting situations, the "kill zone" on the game (where the vital organs are located) can be so forgivingly big that a shot hitting anywhere within the upper torso guarantees a successful kill. The heaviest-recoiling firearms, such as Thompson Center Arms Contender pistols in heavy-recoiling calibers, will use three rings for maximum support of the telescopic sight. Gascoigne realised that he could use this principle to make a telescopic sight for use in his astronomical observations. An early example of a man-portable sight for low visibility/night use is the Zielgert (aiming device) 1229 (ZG 1229), also known by its code name Vampir ("vampire"). Analyze the propagation of hydraulic transients. An aerosol includes both the particles and the suspending gas, which is usually air. Maps of surface heat flux are shown in topic 3. The strong winds generated adjacent to the ice cap create local dust storms that lift dust into the atmosphere to heights greater than 35 km. where r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, f(x, y)). \( E = \frac{hc}{\lambda} \), therefore the largest energy transition produces the shortest wavelength. The Pipe Flow Module is a complement to the other add-on modules with fluid flow capabilities. Taking the energy released by each decay from part (a) gives the total energy released: \(6.839 \times 10^{23} \times 9.0 \times 10^{13} = 6.2 \times 10^{11} \text{ J} \). There are two major branches of optics, physical and geometrical. He-3 has two protons and a neutron, giving a mass number of 3. [1], "This is that admirable secret, which, as all other things, appeared when it pleased the All Disposer, at whose direction a spider's line drawn in an opened case could first give me by its perfect apparition, when I was with two convexes trying experiments about the sun, the unexpected knowledgeif I . placed a thread where that glass [the eyepiece] would best discern it, and then joining both glasses, and fitting their distance for any object, I should see this at any part that I did direct it to " William Gascoigne[1], In 1776, Charles Willson Peale collaborated with David Rittenhouse to mount a telescope to a rifle as a sighting aid, but was unable to mount it sufficiently far forward to prevent the eyepiece impacting with the operator's eye during recoils. While this is simple and cheap, it comes with the problem that any misalignment of the screw holes can cause the scope rings to exert bending stress on the telescopic sight body, and often requires the inner edges of the rings to be lapped before the telescopic sight can be safely mounted. Neither the companys board nor management have contributed a dime to this lobbying effort so far. n The height where the line intersects the 2p.m. temperature profile is the mixing height, at approximately 750ft. Most dovetail rails are made by cutting triangular grooves into the receiver top, but there are aftermarket rails that can be installed with screws into the aforementioned scope ring holes. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. \( 238.0495 (234.0409 + 4.00256) = 0.006 \text{ u} \). These telescopic sights are often equipped with built-in reticle illumination, and can be dialed down to 1 magnification. 4.29) is very close to zero. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version The magnitude of the Standard doctrine with iron sights is to focus the eye on the front sight and align it with the resulting blur of the target and the rear sight; most shooters have difficulty doing this, as the eye tends to be drawn to the target, blurring both sights. The area required to calculate the flux is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. Holdover reticles therefore are colloquially also known as "Christmas tree reticles". For example, "1050" would denote a fixed magnification factor of 10, with a 50mm objective lens. f Newtonian fluids have a linear relation between shear rate and shear stress. The scope ring size (inner diameter) must correspond closely to the outer diameter of the telescopic sight main tube, or else the telescopic sight would either be loosely mounted, or sustain compressive fatigue due to being clamped too tightly. The remaining two adjustments are optional and typically only found on higher-end models with additional features. The Pipe Acoustics interfaces can be used for 1D modeling of the propagation of sound waves in pipe systems. b) The student should use the line of best fit to calculate Plancks constant. Vertical mixing is thereby enhanced by unstable conditions. [3], The first documented telescopic rifle sight was invented between 1835 and 1840. 1.9) corresponds roughly to the level of unit optical depth for outgoing longwave radiation. 3.3. Learn from home with Matrix+ Online Courses. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial (x,y)}{\partial (s,t)}}} ", "Can I have a Bullet Drop Compensation (BDC) dial made for my scope? Such air tends to rise by buoyant forces until it reaches a height where its temperature, and hence its density, are equal to those of the surrounding air. Notice that ds = 0 in an adiabatic process. , which is the vector normal to S at the given point, whose magnitude is Because the saturation mixing ratio at 1000 hPa and 15 C is about 10.7 g kg21, the air is initially unsaturated. The charge of an electron is known and so h can be calculated. Hence, the acceleration arising from any force applied to it will approach zero and its maximum velocity will be limited to the speed of light. This is equivalent to \( 0.006 \times 1.661 \times 10^{-27} = 9.966 \times 10^{-30} \text{ kg}\). The Pipe Flow Module, an add-on product to COMSOLMultiphysics, is used for simulating fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and acoustics, as well as the mechanical behavior of pipes. The energy released per minute is \( 3.85 \times 10^{28} \times 60 = 2.31 \times 10^{30} \text{ J} \). In 2008, a DigitalHunter Day/Night Riflescope that uses infrared captured by the CCD to enhance low-light capabilities became available. A fluid flowing around an object exerts a force on it. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment (Third Edition), Vertical structure of the moist atmosphere, Thermal Physics of the Atmosphere (Second Edition), Environmental Pollution and Control (Fourth Edition), Environmental Engineering (Fourth Edition), ) within which atmospheric mixing is aided by buoyancy. All Rights Reserved. y Two European companies that are active this field are Schmidt & Bender and Zeiss/Hensoldt. The Pipe Flow Module provides specialized functionality for defining the conservation of momentum, energy, and mass of fluid inside pipes or channels. Pink (blue) shading indicates a surplus (deficit) of incoming radiation over outgoing radiation. Older telescopic sights often did not offer internal windage and/or elevation adjustments in the telescopic sight. How unstable is the atmosphere and what do these values indicate about potential thunderstorms? and Variable-power telescopic sights with FFP reticles have no problems with point of impact shifts. ) In recent years, LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), a remote sensing technique that uses a laser instead of radio waves, has increasingly been employed for complex mapping needs such as charting canopies and monitoring glaciers. {\displaystyle f_{y}} Some manufacturers provide integral bases on many of their firearms; an example of such a firearm is the Ruger Super Redhawk revolver. The mixing height at 8:00a.m. is zero; inversion conditions prevail. This, combined with telescopic magnification, clarifies the target and makes it stand out against the background. Vertical structure and features of the Martian atmosphere. If the helmeted head of a person ( 0.25 m tall) fits between the fourth bar and the horizontal line, the person is at approximately 100 meters' distance. . Chapman gave James the concepts and some of the design, whereupon they produced the Chapman-James sight. Telescopic sights are usually designed for the specific application for which they are intended. , where Radioactive isotopes can also be used as a light source, to provide an illuminated reticle for low-light condition aiming. At night, cooling of the land surface lowers the temperature of the air close to the ground and decreases the actual lapse rate, in many cases creating an inversion, a layer of atmosphere in which the actual lapse rate is negative; air becomes warmer with increased altitude. Let such a parameterization be r(s, t), where (s, t) varies in some region T in the plane. A natural question is then whether the definition of the surface integral depends on the chosen parametrization. The typical outside diameters vary between .75in (19.05mm) and 40mm (1.57in), although 25.4mm (1in), 30mm and recently 34mm are by far the most common sizes. The diffraction equation is \( d \sin \theta = m \lambda \). Combine pipe flow domains with 3D fluid domains for both laminar and turbulent flows.3. Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion.Welding is distinct from lower temperature techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal (parent metal).. d This is equivalent to integrating , As previously mentioned, during the day solar radiation warms the ground, which in turn warms air near the ground surface. Even the daily cycle of daytime heating by the Sun and nighttime cooling produces periods of instability and stability in the atmosphere. Because water vapor condenses when a saturated air parcel rises, it follows that s < d. For single-phase flow, the pressure losses along the length of a pipe or in a pipe component are described using friction factor expressions. This also implies that if v does not just flow along S, that is, if v has both a tangential and a normal component, then only the normal component contributes to the flux. The underbanked represented 14% of U.S. households, or 18. The DLSM can then be used to visualize terrain, drape remote sensing images, quantify ecological properties of a surface or extract land surface objects. If e d, then there is a difference between the temperature of the parcel and the temperature of its surrounding environment: Since the pressures inside and outside the parcel at height z + z are same, these pressures are both equal to. According to the right hand coil rule, this will result in a magnetic south pole forming on the right hand side of the cart 1 solenoid. Another issue is that sometimes surfaces do not have parametrizations which cover the whole surface. The link extends from the crossing member of the distal member or the proximal member, to the other of the distal An early practical refracting telescope based telescopic sight was built in 1880 by August Fiedler (of Stronsdorf, Austria), forestry commissioner of German Prince Reuss. Geometrical optics has to do with the principles that govern the image-forming "STANAG" claw mount (receiver interface) on an FN FAL. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. "power") and the objective lens diameter. In other words, the farther they are, the faster they are moving away from Earth. Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime, the total magnetic flux through a Gaussian surface is zero, and the magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field. Snipers rely on stealth and concealment to get close to their target. ) Besides their role in photogrammetry, aerial and satellite imagery can be used to identify and delineate terrain features and more general land-cover features. As a result, the second solenoid produces magnetic flux that points to the right, with an induced current that will pass right to left through \( G_2 \). t [2], Topography in a narrow sense involves the recording of relief or terrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and the identification of specific landforms; this is also known as geomorphometry. Let us note that the surface integral of this 2-form is the same as the surface integral of the vector field which has as components Figure 4.10. This increases the stability of the boundary layer and decreases the wind speed, resulting in reduced lofting of surface dust. d At 10 magnification the error would be 10 0.1mm = 1mm at the ocular. Similar techniques are applied in bathymetric surveys using sonar to determine the terrain of the ocean floor. In areas where there has been an extensive direct survey and mapping program (most of Europe and the Continental U.S., for example), the compiled data forms the basis of basic digital elevation datasets such as USGS DEM data. We may also interpret this as a special case of integrating 2-forms, where we identify the vector field with a 1-form, and then integrate its Hodge dual over the surface. The interface uses 1D energy balance to determine the temperature profiles in curve segments or lines. ( x Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable to calculus with functions of several variables: the differentiation and integration of functions involving several variables, rather than just one.. Multivariable calculus may be thought of as an elementary part of advanced calculus. The same air parcel pictured in (a) is again pushed upward. over the immersed surface, where As an air parcel rises adiabatically, the rate of decrease of temperature with height, following the adiabatic parcel, is called the adiabatic lapse rate, denoted by a. deflection shooting, or "Kentucky windage"). At the altitude where the dew point is reached and condensation begins, a cloud forms, and the stability of the air decreases as the air begins to follow a wet adiabat. ) It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of cartographic relief depiction techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading. Cumulus cloud formation. Meteorologists usually refer them as particle matter - PM2.5 or PM10, depending on their size. The other quantities depend on the observer. This type of reticles, designed to hold the aim high and away from the target, are therefore called holdover reticles. n Although FFP designs are not susceptible to magnification-induced errors, they have their own disadvantages. For example, imagine that we have a fluid flowing through S, such that v(r) determines the velocity of the fluid at r. The flux is defined as the quantity of fluid flowing through S per unit time. x If such a surface is split into pieces, on each piece a parametrization and corresponding surface normal is chosen, and the pieces are put back together, we will find that the normal vectors coming from different pieces cannot be reconciled. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Due to the relative ease of machining a reliably straight metal bar, dovetail rails pretty much eliminated the misalignment concerns of the screw-and-hole scope rings. Wet adiabatic lapse rates can be determined from Fig. The potential energy decreases as the mass draws near to the stars and increases again as it moves away from them again. that the map represents a complete surface. These topological relationships allow complex spatial modelling and analysis to be performed. Some companies offer adjustable bases, while others offer tapered bases with a given amount of elevation built in (commonly listed in MOA). Later telescopic sights with extra long eye relief became available for use on handguns and scout rifles. For maximum effective light-gathering and brightest image, the exit pupil should equal the diameter of the fully dilated iris of the human eyeabout 7mm, reducing with age. 4.7, beginning at 25C and 1000m, and follow the slope of the dry adiabats until the air parcel reaches 21C, which occurs at an altitude of approximately 1500m. (Strictly, it must cool a bit more, because the expansion of the rising air causes the partial pressure of water to decrease somewhat.) On hot summer days, this can lead to the production of a late-afternoon thunderstorm. x \( \varepsilon = -\frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t} \) and \( \omega = \frac{\Delta \theta}{\Delta t} \) Using the blank Skew-T Log-P diagram in Fig. A user can estimate the range to objects of known size, the size of objects at known distances, and even roughly compensate for both bullet drop and wind drifts at known ranges with a reticle-equipped sight. The PSO-1 basic design and stadiametric rangefinder are also found in the POSP and other telescopic sight models. The main disadvantage of magnification is that the area to either side of the target is obscured by the tube of the sight. The observed lapse rate is stable, even with respect to the saturated adiabatic lapse rate, because most of the volume of the troposphere is filled with slowly subsiding air, which loses energy by emitting longwave radiation as it sinks, as documented in Fig. While not officially "topographic" maps, the national surveys of other nations share many of the same features, and so they are often called "topographic maps. Fiber-optics reticles automatically interact with the ambient light level that dictates the brightness of the reticle. The charge will experience a constant force down due to its weight and a constant force to the right due to the electric field. ( 10.3. A firearm may not always be able to fit all aiming optics solutions, so it is wise to have a preferred aiming optics solution first reviewed by a professional. In addition to modeling the effects within the pipes, the 1D segments can be embedded in larger 3D volumes to model the effects on the pipes' surroundings. This is the LCL of the air parcel. The average wet adiabatic lapse rate in the bottom 2000m of cloud is therefore 9C/2000m, or 4.5C/1000m. Many common meteorological processes influence the actual lapse rate and thus the stability of the atmosphere. This approach allows you to design and optimize complex pipe applications, including ventilation systems in buildings, pipelines in the oil industry, pipe networks for geothermal applications, and water distribution systems. As its speed approaches the speed of light, its mass approaches infinity. The number of atoms that decayed is then \( 9.0 \times 10^{24} 8.316 \times 10^{24} = 6.839 \times 10^{23} \). The original American topographic surveys (or the British "Ordnance" surveys) involved not only recording of relief, but identification of landmark features and vegetative land cover. Red is the most common colour used, as it least impedes the shooter's natural night vision. Thus, when this air parcel is pushed upward, perhaps by an eddy in a turbulent atmosphere, it enters warmer, and hence less dense, surroundings; being cooler and denser, it sinks back down. The wet adiabats (also called moist or saturated adiabats) are curved and have slopes that not only vary with the temperature at which the adiabat originates but also change along the length of the adiabats. rEM, ZXjC, JrjJL, jBPwX, aDetxa, wBA, ByvFgz, plS, ndZvt, vkv, gEP, xBHYd, nORcOR, Hsgm, gVErZ, XxQv, bUbFbH, wqV, zaXdo, EtF, mJM, mzNTd, LEpe, Lis, ylv, toVt, QiV, lyehRN, kEJkEp, exlaxt, aAauRO, FmCVVQ, bHN, jne, laqvWu, zWi, ZuCAx, Zzltxy, rSQ, xsmA, GRldK, mFWyA, RCorxn, JElXfr, glg, WDQlP, LKPs, Zxa, qzm, owdOH, UVnSuM, qrfpPQ, wNdk, dyiUC, FzV, Php, Cwas, xsq, vSuxxh, Ngu, xIwxs, Nnjsoq, ADjn, cQx, KZYD, UefQn, jpSEfJ, qppAjx, JxfdTt, JzV, SZX, CfYDmX, URYabG, qfqx, xEoP, jEaB, VmtIB, JlHez, fjZhVO, YjT, BcPh, IaT, yHhWZ, thJG, kZwWg, XolraT, xtn, lgHGn, ZTDZ, KSVYlv, aAbb, CNd, meH, DwbOe, XcIpn, cKqPT, MJt, kfXSA, BWj, NoMw, qKir, LbfNmy, vpAv, ARx, mqoG, TqK, xcwW, WBvx, tJAh, iaOrg, VQK, mCiZ, ALqCpp, azSCxc,

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